Dharana (Concentration)
Jack UtermoehlDharana is a yogic practice that emphasizes concentration and focused attention.
Derived from the Sanskrit root "dhṛ," meaning "to hold" or "to support," dharana translates to "concentration" or "single-pointed focus."
It is the sixth limb of the eightfold path of yoga described in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, serving as the foundation for meditation and deeper states of awareness.
Etymology and Meaning
Root Words: "Dhṛ" (to hold, to support)
Translation Variations: Concentration, focus
Pronunciation: Dharāṇā [Duh-RAH-nah]
Dharana involves training the mind to focus on a single object, thought, or sensation, such as the breath, a mantra, or a visual point.
By cultivating this practice, practitioners develop the mental discipline required for meditation and inner stillness.
Historical Context
Dharana has been a cornerstone of yogic and meditative traditions, emphasizing the importance of focused attention for spiritual growth and self-awareness.
Hinduism: Highlighted in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali as the sixth limb of ashtanga yoga (the eightfold path).
Buddhism: Reflected in the practice of Right Concentration, a component of the Eightfold Path.
Jainism: Encourages single-pointed focus as a means to purify the mind and achieve liberation.
Practical Application
In Daily Life
- Practice mindful attention during tasks, such as focusing fully on a conversation or a single activity.
- Set aside distractions to cultivate deep focus and productivity.
In Meditation
- Use techniques such as focusing on the breath, a candle flame, or a mantra to train the mind in single-pointed concentration.
- Combine dharana with pranayama (breath control) to deepen focus and calm the mind.
In Emotional Balance
- Redirect scattered thoughts toward a single positive or calming focus during moments of stress.
- Develop the ability to remain present and undistracted in emotionally charged situations.
Symbolism in Yoga Philosophy
Dharana is the sixth limb of yoga, symbolizing the practice of concentrating the mind as a preparation for dhyana (meditation) and samadhi (absorption). It serves as the gateway to deeper inner exploration and spiritual growth.
Quotes and Wisdom
"Concentration is the root of all the higher abilities in man." — Bruce Lee
"Dharana is fixing the mind upon one object or thought." — Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
Modern Relevance
In today’s fast-paced, distraction-filled world, dharana provides an invaluable practice for cultivating focus, mental clarity, and emotional balance. By mastering concentration, individuals can improve productivity, reduce stress, and deepen their sense of presence.
Related Concepts
Pratyahara (Sense Withdrawal): Prepares the mind for dharana by reducing external distractions.
Dhyana (Meditation): Builds upon dharana by sustaining concentration over time to achieve meditative absorption.
How to Practice Dharana
Mindset: Approach dharana with patience and curiosity, viewing distractions as opportunities to refocus.
Actions: Begin with short periods of focused attention on a single object, gradually increasing the duration as your practice deepens.
Reflection: Notice how the practice of dharana influences your ability to stay present and focused in daily life.
Suggested Reading
- The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (Translation by Swami Satchidananda).
- The Power of Now by Eckhart Tolle.
Conclusion
Dharana offers a powerful tool for developing mental focus and discipline, serving as the foundation for meditation and spiritual growth. By practicing concentration, individuals can achieve greater clarity, inner stillness, and a deeper connection to their higher self.
