What is Advaita Vedanta?
Jack UtermoehlAdvaita Vedanta is a deeply philosophical and spiritual path rooted in the non-dual teachings of Advaita Vedanta.
This ancient tradition, which translates to "non-dual knowledge," is centered on the realization that the individual self (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman) are one and the same. Advaita Vedanta integrates self-inquiry, meditation, scriptural study, and ethical living to guide practitioners toward self-realization and liberation (moksha).
Unlike physical practices like asana (postures), Advaita Vedanta focuses primarily on the cultivation of wisdom (jnana) and direct experience of truth. It is a path of profound introspection, requiring dedication and an open heart to explore the true nature of existence.
Origins of Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta is one of the Shad Darshanas (six classical schools of Indian philosophy) and finds its roots in the Upanishads, ancient texts that form the philosophical core of the Vedas.
It was systematized by Adi Shankaracharya (8th century CE), a revered Indian philosopher and yogi who traveled extensively to share the teachings of Advaita and establish key monastic centers (mathas).
Shankaracharya emphasized the importance of direct knowledge of the self, asserting that ignorance (avidya) is the root of suffering. Through disciplined inquiry and self-awareness, one can transcend the illusion of separation (maya) and realize their inherent oneness with Brahman.
Advaita Vedanta is closely tied to the practices and teachings of jnana yoga (the yoga of knowledge), and it often incorporates elements of other paths such as bhakti yoga (devotion) and karma yoga (selfless action).
Practicing Advaita Vedanta
Practitioners of Advaita Vedanta engage in a combination of self-inquiry, meditation, scriptural study, and ethical living to cultivate awareness of their true nature.
This path encourages non-attachment from ego-driven desires and a focus on the eternal, unchanging reality.
Self-Inquiry (Atma Vichara): A core practice where practitioners ask introspective questions such as "Who am I?" to investigate the nature of the self and dissolve the illusion of separateness.
Meditation (Dhyana): Silent meditation to still the mind and cultivate awareness of the oneness of all existence.
Scriptural Study (Svadhyaya): Reading and contemplating texts like the Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita, and Brahma Sutras to deepen understanding of Advaita Vedanta philosophy.
Living Ethically: Following the yamas (ethical restraints) and niyamas (observances) to purify the mind and align actions with higher truths.
Guru-Disciple Relationship: Learning from a qualified teacher (guru) to receive guidance on the subtleties of the teachings and practices.
Key Practices and Examples
Neti-Neti Meditation: A contemplative technique meaning "not this, not that," used to discard all identifications with the body, mind, and ego until only the true self remains.
Mahamrityunjaya Mantra: Chanting or meditating on this mantra to overcome fear of death and realize immortality.
Bhagavad Gita Reflection: Studying verses like 2.20, which states, "The self is neither born nor does it ever die," to internalize the teachings of non-duality.
Advaita Satsang: Attending gatherings where Advaita teachings are discussed, often led by enlightened masters or teachers.
Common Meditation Practices
- Who Am I? Inquiry: Repeated self-reflection to dismantle the ego’s illusions.
- Silent Awareness Meditation: Sitting in silence, observing the transient nature of thoughts and emotions.
- Soham Meditation: Synchronizing the breath with the mantra "So-Ham," meaning "I am that."
Advaita Vedanta Suitability
Experience Level: Advanced Practitioners
Physical Demand: Primarily Meditative
Mind-Body Engagement: Deeply Introspective
Adaptability: Requires Guidance for Subtle Practices
Focus Area: Spiritual Liberation and Self-Realization
Notes on Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta is not a practice of physical postures but of profound introspection and inquiry.
It requires a commitment to truth and a willingness to transcend the ego. Through its practices, one can experience liberation, inner peace, and the understanding that the self and the infinite are one.
Similar Styles
Jnana Yoga, Raja Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Karma Yoga
Equipment
Required: Quiet Space
Nice to Have: Meditation Cushion
Optional: Scriptures (Upanishads, Bhagavad Gita)
References and Resources
‘The Upanishads’ (various translations): The foundational texts of Advaita Vedanta.
‘The Crest Jewel of Discrimination’ (Vivekachudamani) by Adi Shankaracharya: A key philosophical text on non-duality.
‘I Am That’ by Nisargadatta Maharaj: A modern Advaita classic exploring the nature of self-realization. A personal favorite of mine.
